Geneva® 16                                                         

USPP# 12,443

Origin
Geneva^® 16 is a 1981 cross of 'Ottawa 3 X Malus floribunda' hybridized by the Cornell University/Geneva Apple Rootstock Breeding Program.

Influence on Scion Habit
Geneva^® 16 produces trees that are similar to the more vigorous M-9 sub clones in size and vigor.

Disease Resistance
Geneva^® 16 is hypersensitive to at least one common latent virus so only virus-free scion wood should be used.  It is tolerant to collar rot, nearly immune to fire blight and immune to scab (black spot).  It is susceptible to woolly apple aphids and powdery mildew.

Nursery Habit
In layer beds Geneva^® 16 produces an adequate number of shoots and rooting is good if mounding is done early.  Shoots are spine-free in the layer bed and very little side limb removal is needed in the nursery.

Horticultural Value
In the orchard Geneva^® 16 is non-brittle, well-anchored and sucker free.  Trees are precocious and productive.  No burrknots have been observed on this rootstock.